Dr. NK Magu

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Shoulder Fracture: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Shoulder Fracture

Have you experienced sudden, intense shoulder pain after your fall? A shoulder fracture may be the reason for this. A shoulder fracture happens due to a crack or break of the shoulder bones.  It can be treated in either a surgical or nonsurgical way, as advised by the doctors. 

What is a Shoulder Fracture?

A shoulder fracture is a condition in which shoulder bones are broken or have cracks due to some injuries, such as a falling or direct blow (pulling the bones from their location) of the shoulder. A shoulder comprises three bones: the humerus (upper arm bone), clavicle (collarbone), and scapula (shoulder blade). 

A fracture in any part of the shoulder bones can lead to a shoulder fracture, which may occur due to accidents or injuries. This results in pain and impaired mobility, which affects day-to-day activities. If it remains untreated, the fracture may deteriorate further. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment are always recommended. 

What Are The Types Of Shoulder Fractures?

The American Society gives three types of shoulder fractures for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH); they include:

  • Proximal humerus fracture: Proximal humerus fracture occurs when the top part of the humerus is affected. The term “proximal” refers to the top part of the humerus (ball-shaped structure).  The proximal humerus is connected to the socket of the shoulder blade. It is more common in older people aged above 50. 
  • Clavicle fracture: A clavicle fracture refers to a break in the clavicle bone (collarbone). This type of fracture is more prevalent and can affect individuals of any age group.
  • Scapula fracture: The shoulder blade or scapula, is a triangular bone which is located in the back of the body. It is usually uncommon, as the chest and surrounding muscles are protecting the scapula. 

How Common Is A Shoulder Fracture? 

Shoulder fractures are less common than conditions such as shoulder dislocations or separations. Clavicle fractures are more prevalent among teenagers and young adults. While proximal fracture is common in older individuals. Individuals who engage in repetitive and physically demanding work are also prone to shoulder fractures.

What Are The Causes  Of Shoulder Fracture?

Shoulder fractures typically occur due to traumatic events that impact the shoulder bones. It can impact your shoulder bones as well as your quality of life.  Common causes of shoulder fractures include the following:

  • Fall
  • Shoulder injury
  • Car Accident 

What Are The Symptoms Of Shoulder Fracture?

Symptoms of a shoulder fracture include: 

  • Bruising and dislocation of the affected bone of the shoulder
  • Shoulder Pain
  • Swelling around the shoulder joints
  • Limited Mobility
  • Deformity or Bump

What Are The Risk Factors Related To Shoulder Fracture?

Anyone can experience shoulder fracture, but some individuals are more prone to it. Risk factors may include:

  • Age-related risks, which include kids, teens, or older people over 50.
  • High-impact activities, such as football or cycling
  • Accident, such as a car accident or falling from a height 
  • Poor Bone Health: A person who has osteopenia (lower bone density) or osteoporosis(weakened, porous bone).

How Can A Shoulder Fracture Be Diagnosed?

A shoulder fracture diagnosis requires a comprehensive assessment and a detailed physical examination. In some cases, imaging tests such as ultrasound, 3-D CT scan, and MRI may be recommended to confirm if you have shoulder fracture or not.

How Can Shoulder Pain Be Treated?

Shoulder fractures can be treated with both non-surgical and surgical methods.

Non-surgical and surgical treatment may include: 

Non-surgical treatment:

Rest and Immobilization: Taking rest can provide relief from shoulder pain, or your doctor may advise you to use slings to immobilize your shoulder. 

Medication: NSAIDs like ibuprofen are also advised to relieve pain and inflammation. 

Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation exercises are also provided by your physiotherapist to restore the range of motion, strength, and flexibility of the shoulder. 

Note:  Non-surgical treatments are temporary measures to relieve pain and enhance mobility. If no improvement is observed, surgical options may be recommended for complete healing.

Surgical Treatment:

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF): 

  • In ORIF, the surgeons realign the broken bones in their correct position. Metal plates, pins, and screws are inserted to hold the bone together. 
  • This method provides precise alignment and stabilization of the fracture.

Closed Reduction:

  • In closed reduction, no incision is involved to realign the broken bones. A cast or sling can be used to manipulate the broken bones to align in their correct position. 
  • This is usually recommended for less severe fractures. 

Shoulder Arthroscopy:

  • Shoulder Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive technique where a small camera and special instruments are inserted into the affected area through a tiny incision. It is used to remove or repair the damaged part of the shoulder bone. 
  • Recovery time varies but it is quicker than open reduction and ORIF. 

How Do I Prevent A Shoulder Fracture?

Below are some common recommendations for preventing shoulder fractures: 

  • Use protective gear for sports and activities.
  • Do a bone density test if you’re over 65 or have a family history of osteoporosis.
  • Avoid standing on unstable surfaces like chairs or tables; use proper tools.
  • Always wear a seat belt.
  • Maintain good health and posture.

Also Read:- Shoulder Replacement Surgery Cost in India

A Note from Dr. N.K. Magu

This is typically results from sudden injuries and can impact your day-to-day life. 

In my experience, non-surgical treatments such as rest, immobilization, and physical therapy are effective for minor fractures. However, for more severe cases, surgical interventions are recommended. Furthermore, early diagnosis and treatment are essential for optimal recovery and health. 

FAQs

What are the most common symptoms of a shoulder fracture?

Symptoms including swelling, pain, bruising, and limited mobitlites can be considered the most common ones.  

How is a shoulder fracture diagnosed?

If you do have the symptoms, like swelling and pain in the affected shoulder. It is recommended to go for a diagnosis. A shoulder fracture is diagnosed through a physical exam and imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs.

Are certain people more at risk for shoulder fractures?

Yes, risk factors include age (kids, teens, or older people above 50 ), high-impact activities, and poor bone health, such as ostroporosis. These people are more prone to shoulder fractures. 

What surgical options are available for shoulder fractures?

Surgical options include Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF), closed reduction, and shoulder arthroscopy. Surgery is always recommended if the fracture is severe. 

How can shoulder fractures be prevented?

Prevention strategies include wearing protective sports gear, undergoing bone density tests, maintaining a safe environment, and using proper tools.

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